# Estimate of Annual Groundwater Recharge

Metadata also available as

## Metadata:

- Identification_Information
- Data_Quality_Information
- Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
- Spatial_Reference_Information
- Entity_and_Attribute_Information
- Distribution_Information
- Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator:
        Groundwater Inventory and Mapping Project, a cooperative effort between the Water Bureau - Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, USGS - Michigan Water Science Center and Michigan State University - Institute of Water Research, RS&GIS and Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. This project was mandated by P.A. 148 (Michigan Acts of 2003). Major funding was provided by MDEQ, supplemented with additional funds from the USGS Cooperative Water Program.
      Publication_Date: June 30th, 2005
      Title: Estimate of Annual Groundwater Recharge
      Edition: 1.0
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
      Publication_Information:
      Online_Linkage: <http://gwmap.rsgis.msu.edu/>
      Larger_Work_Citation:
        Citation_Information:
          Originator: Groundwater Inventory and Mapping Project
          Publication_Date: August 18th,2005
          Title:
            Executive Summary - Public Act 148: Groundwater Inventory and Map Project
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Adobe PDF document
          Online_Linkage: <http://gwmap.rsgis.msu.edu/>
  Description:
    Abstract:
      This data set provides an estimate of annual groundwater recharge for each public land survey section in Michigan.
    Purpose:
      Public Law 148 required the MDEQ to obtain a map of state-wide groundwater recharge. The US Geological Survey and Michigan State University have created this data set to meet that need.
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: June 30th, 2005
        Time_of_Day: unknown
    Currentness_Reference: publication date
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -90.172753
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -81.801049
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.533320
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 41.670939
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: groundwater
      Theme_Keyword: recharge
    Place:
      Place_Keyword: Michigan
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
    Stratum:
  Access_Constraints: No restrictions on access
  Use_Constraints: No restrictions on use
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Steve Aichele
        Contact_Organization: US Geological Survey, Michigan Water Science Center
      Contact_Position: Geographer
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 517-887-8918
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 517-887-8937
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: saichele@msu.edu
  Browse_Graphic:
  Data_Set_Credit: U.S. Geological Survey Michigan Water Science Center
  Native_Data_Set_Environment:
    Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.1.0.722

Data_Quality_Information:
  Attribute_Accuracy:
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
      Accuracy of the recharge estimate is estimated to be +/- 2.44 inches/yr in the western and northern Lower Peninsula, +/- 1.1 in/yr in the southeastern Lower Peninsula, and +/- 2.9 inches/yr in the Upper Peninsula. Areas in the eastern Upper Peninsula (Luce, Chippewa, and Mackinaw Counties) may have higher error because of relatively poor representation of specific geologic environments.
    Quantitative_Attribute_Accuracy_Assessment:
  Logical_Consistency_Report:
    Data were processed in three zones - the Upper Peninsula; watersheds tributary to Lake Michigan and northern Lake Huron (as far south as the Rifle River); and watersheds tributary to southern Lake Huron, Lake St. Clair, and Lake Erie. As a result, some inconsistency may exist at the boundary between the modeled regions.
  Completeness_Report: Complete
  Positional_Accuracy:
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
        Horizontal accuracy +/- 50m, based on accuracy of input section boundary file.
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: NA
  Lineage:
    Source_Information:
    Process_Step:
      Process_Description:
        Base flow separations were compiled 208 USGS streamflow gages in Michigan from those completed by Neff and others (2005). Within each region, an average recharge rate was calculated based on the baseflow yield. Residuals were computed for each streamflow gage.

        Watershed characteristics describing the geology, land cover, and general climate characteristics of the gaged watersheds were also compiled. These data were analyzed in Systat v.11 using a forward stepwise regression procedure to identify watershed characteristics that might be useful in predicting the value fo the residual. Within the eastern Lower Peninsula, the significant predictive variables, in addition to area, were: agricultural land use, urban land use, annual growing degree days, annual precipitation, and percent of the watershed underlain by lacustrine deposits. Within the western Lower Peninsula, the significant predictive variables, in addition to area, were: winter (December through March) precipitation, the percentage of the watershed underlain by till, and the percentage of the watershed occupied by forests. In the Upper Peninsula, the significant predictive variables, in addition to area, were: growing degree days and winter precipitation.

        Each of these predictive variables were calculated for each Public Land Survey section, the data used to predict a residual, then the residual added to the base recharge prediction for the region.

      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation:
        Neff, B.P., Day, S.M., Piggott, A.R., and Fuller, L.M., Base Flow in the Great Lakes Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5217, 23 p.
  Cloud_Cover: NA

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: G-polygon
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 59922

Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Map_Projection:
        Map_Projection_Name: Oblique Mercator
        Oblique_Mercator:
          Scale_Factor_at_Center_Line: 0.999600
          Oblique_Line_Azimuth:
            Azimuthal_Angle: 337.255556
            Azimuth_Measure_Point_Longitude: -86.000000
          Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 45.309167
          False_Easting: 2546731.496000
          False_Northing: -4354009.816000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.001024
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.001024
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983
      Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Altitude_System_Definition:
      Altitude_Datum_Name: North American Vertical Datum of 1988
      Altitude_Distance_Units: feet
      Altitude_Encoding_Method:
        Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: Groundwater Recharge
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain:
          Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: AREA
      Attribute_Definition: Section area in square meters
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PERIMETER
      Attribute_Definition: section perimeter in meters
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: TWN
      Attribute_Definition: PLSS Township
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: RNG
      Attribute_Definition: PLSS Range
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SEC
      Attribute_Definition: PLSS Section
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNTY
      Attribute_Definition: County ID
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Recharge_I

Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Justin M Booth
        Contact_Organization: Remote Sensing & GIS Research and Outreach Services
      Contact_Position: Information Technology Professional
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 1405 South Harrison, Room 308
        City: East Lansing
        State_or_Province: MI
        Postal_Code: 48823
        Country: United States of America
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: boothj@msu.edu
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability:
    The State of Michigan or the Ground Water Inventory and Mapping Project partnership assumes no liability for results or conclusions drawn from use of this data.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Transfer_Size: 9.682

Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 20051123
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: Remote Sensing & GIS Research and Outreach Services
        Contact_Person: Justin M Booth
      Contact_Position: Information Technology Professional
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing address
        Address: 1405 South Harrison, Room 308
        City: East Lansing
        State_or_Province: MI
        Postal_Code: 48823
        Country: United States of America
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 517-432-0446
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 517-353-1821
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: boothj@msu.edu
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: <http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html>
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile

Generated by `mp` version 2.8.6 on Wed Nov 23 09:53:20 2005